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六级考试的阅读理解部分中有许多难以辨识或是容易混淆的选项，许多考生在看到某个选项与原文内容类似的时候往往摇摆不定，无法做出正确的判定，偷换概念这类错误类型便是非常容易造成考(论坛)生错误的选项，它的命制方式是将原文某处的语句中，换掉其中的一部分，从而造成选项中的信息与原文并不匹配，而学生之所以容易被这类错误迷惑，究其原因是因为许多学生并没有仔细对应定位处和选项，并认真分辨其中的同义替换，而是读完文章后仅凭文章在头脑中的印象做出判定，从而造成失分，以下是真题中几个典型的例子，供学生参考。

例1

It was the worst tragedy in maritime (航海的) history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes (鱼雷) fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people - mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany - were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down.

22. Hundreds of families ***ped into the sea when

A) a strong ice storm tilted the ship

B) the cruise ship sank all of a sudden

C) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side

D) the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats

根据原文信息，Wilhelm Gustloff这艘巡洋舰被鱼雷击中后，一阵冰风暴将甲板冻住，随着船体开始倾斜，人们滑到海里。题干问到这些人什么时候落入水中，我们应该通过题干中的***ped into the sea回到原文定位到sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down，根据这样的信息，选项C中的leaned一词是原文中tilted的同义替换，而the ship同the badly damaged ship一致，因此C选项作为原文的同义替换，成为正确答案。

典型错误：许多同学错选了A选项a strong ice storm tilted the ship，因为a strong ice storm和tiled the ship都是文中出现过的信息，通过拼凑，许多同学没有作出准确的辨别。此处的a strong ice storm是被偷换的内容，如果要正确，此处应当是torpedoes (鱼雷) fired from a Russian submarine，也就是说，出题人通过将一个正确句子中的某处偷换为另一个文中曾出现过的信息，从而造成学生失分。

例2

The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable - and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their country's monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize (使...不得势) the neo- Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today's unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories *** the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they' ye now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.

25. It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think that

A) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy（正确答案）

B) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nation's past misdeeds

C) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War II

D) it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries

典型错误：选项B中的信息the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy是文中很重要的核心概念，全文都是通过这件事情展开的，而a reasonable price to pay for the nation's past misdeeds则是最后一段中出现过的内容，学生很容易造成先入为主的认为这场悲剧是德国人应当承担的代价，而作者所表达的观点并非如此，德国人应当承担的代价是a half century of willful forgetting，也就是他们承担的代价并不是灾难本身，而是半个世纪多的时间里对这场灾难有意的遗忘。

这类错误在考试时非常容易造成考生失分，希望大家通过平时的练习，可以有效地加强自己识别选项的能力，顺利通过六级考试。